離子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)樹(shu)脂(zhi)是帶有官能團(有交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)離子(zi)的活性(xing)(xing)基團)、具有網狀結構、不(bu)溶性(xing)(xing)的高分子(zi)化合物(wu)。通常是球形顆粒(li)物(wu)。離子(zi)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)樹(shu)脂(zhi)的全(quan)名(ming)(ming)稱由分類名(ming)(ming)稱、骨架(jia)(或基因)名(ming)(ming)稱、基本名(ming)(ming)稱組成。

　　孔(kong)隙結(jie)構(gou)分(fen)凝(ning)膠型(xing)和大(da)孔(kong)型(xing)兩種，凡具(ju)有(you)物理(li)孔(kong)結(jie)構(gou)的稱大(da)孔(kong)型(xing)樹脂，在(zai)全名稱前加“大(da)孔(kong)”。分(fen)類(lei)屬酸性的應在(zai)名稱前加“陽(yang)(yang)”，分(fen)類(lei)屬堿性的，在(zai)名稱前加“陰”。如：大(da)孔(kong)強酸性苯乙(yi)烯系陽(yang)(yang)離(li)子交換(huan)樹脂

　　離(li)(li)子交(jiao)換樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)還可(ke)(ke)以根(gen)據其(qi)基體的種類分(fen)為苯乙(yi)烯(xi)系(xi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)丙烯(xi)酸系(xi)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中化學(xue)活性(xing)基團的種類決定(ding)了樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的主(zhu)要(yao)性(xing)質和(he)(he)類別。首(shou)先區分(fen)為陽(yang)離(li)(li)子樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)陰離(li)(li)子樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)大類，它們可(ke)(ke)分(fen)別與溶液中的陽(yang)離(li)(li)子和(he)(he)陰離(li)(li)子進行離(li)(li)子交(jiao)換。陽(yang)離(li)(li)子樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又分(fen)為強酸性(xing)和(he)(he)弱(ruo)酸性(xing)兩(liang)類，陰離(li)(li)子樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又分(fen)為強堿(jian)性(xing)和(he)(he)弱(ruo)堿(jian)性(xing)兩(liang)類(或再(zai)分(fen)出中強酸和(he)(he)中強堿(jian)性(xing)類)